J Acute Care Surg > Volume 13(3); 2023 > Article |
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Author Contributions
Conceptualization: EW and SV. Methodology: EW, SV, and MS. Formal investigation: EW, SV, and MS. Data analysis: SYC, EW, SV, and MS. Writing original draft: EW, SV, SYC, and MS. Writing - review and editing: EW and SV.
Funding
The Queen Emma Nursing Institute and The Hawaii State Center for Nursing; Ms. Choi was partially supported by the U54MD007601 (Ola HAWAII) Grant from the National Institute of Health. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of National Institute of Health.
Variable | Freq. (%) unless otherwise noted | p* | |
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No PI (n = 94) | PI (n = 31) | ||
Gender | 0.6451 | ||
Female | 25 (26.60) | 10 (32.26) | |
Male | 69 (73.40) | 21 (67.74) | |
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Age at admission (y), mean (SD) | 53.93 (17.11) | 65.55 (16.91) | 0.0006 |
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Patient race | 0.8369 | ||
Asian | 42 (44.68) | 16 (51.61) | 0.5385 |
Black African American | 1 (1.06) | 0 (0.00) | > 0.9999 |
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 20 (21.28) | 8 (25.81) | 0.6238 |
Not reported | 4 (4.26) | 1 (3.23) | > 0.9999 |
Caucasian | 27 (28.72) | 6 (19.35) | 0.3555 |
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Length of stay (d), median (IQR) | 13.61 (9.67, 27.20) | 32.11 (20.74, 55.87) | 0.0001 |
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Death | 10 (10.64) | 9 (29.03) | 0.0205 |
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Vasopressors used | 65 (69.15) | 30 (96.77) | 0.0012 |
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Ventilator used | 89 (94.68) | 31 (100.00) | 0.3312 |
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APACHE II score mean (SD) | 19.55 (6.14) | 24.61 (5.00) | < 0.0001 |
Variable | Median [IQR (Q1, Q3)] | p* | |
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No PI (n = 94) | PI (n = 31) | ||
Tissue perfusion failure: low baseline < 30 or low delta < 30, % | 0.00 (0.00, 32.95) | 11.54 (0.00, 50.00) | 0.0597 |
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Braden scale (score) | |||
Extra-high risk (score < 10), % | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 3.37) | 0.0505 |
High risk (score 10–12), % | 4.53 (0.00, 15.29) | 54.55 (23.50, 74.83) | < 0.0001 |
Medium risk (score 13–14), % | 12.99 (4.72, 27.64) | 27.27 (13.57, 48.91) | 0.0097 |
Low risk (score > 14), % | 75.73 (46.22, 91.23) | 0.00 (0.00, 19.05) | < 0.0001 |
Predictors | PI Risk | ||
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Odds ratios | 95% CI | p | |
Male (ref: female) | 0.71 | 0.23 – 2.19 | 0.554 |
APACHE II score | 1.11 | 1.01 – 1.21 | 0.031 |
High/extra-high risk total Braden score %* (ref: medium/low risk %) | 1.03 | 1.02 – 1.05 | < 0.001 |
Percentage of tissue perfusion failure: low baseline < 30 and/or low delta < 30 | 1.00 | 0.98 – 1.01 | 0.904 |