1. Jung KY, Kim JS, Kim Y. Problems in trauma care and preventable deaths. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2001;12:45–56.
2. Kim Y, Jung KY, Cho KH, Kim H, Ahn HC, Oh SH, et al. Preventable trauma deaths rates and management errors in emergency medical system in Korea. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2006;17:385–94.
3. Kang JH, Park KH, Kim WJ, Kang YJ, Park JO, Cha WC, et al. Problems of trauma care and rate of preventable trauma death in Jeju, South Korea. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2011;22:438–45.
4. Kim H, Jung KY, Kim SP, Kim SH, Noh H, Jang HY, et al. Changes in preventable death rates and traumatic care systems in Korea. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2012;23:189–97.
5. Kane RL. Understanding health care outcomes research 2005;2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Barlett Publishers.
6. Iezzoni LI. Risk adjustment for measuring healthcare outcomes 2013;4rd ed. Chicago (IL): Health Administration Press.
7. American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Resources for optimal care of the injured patient 2014;Chicago (IL): American College of Surgeons.
8. Becher RD, Meredith JW, Kilgo PD. Mattox KL, Moore EE, Feliciano DV. Injury severity scoring and outcomes research. In: Trauma 2013;7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 77–90.
10. Gennarelli TA, Wodzin E. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). The abbreviated injury scale 2005 - Update 2008 2008;1st ed. Barrington (IL): AAAM.
11. Baker SP, O’Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974;14:187–96. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001. PMID:
4814394.
12. Osler T, Baker SP, Long W. A modification of the injury severity score that both improves accuracy and simplifies scoring. J Trauma 1997;43:922–5. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-199712000-00009. PMID:
9420106.
14. Copes WS, Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Lawnick MM, Gann DS, Gennarelli T, et al. Progress in characterizing anatomic injury. J Trauma 1990;30:1200–7. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-199010000-00003. PMID:
2213928.
18. Boyd CR, Tolson MA, Copes WS. Evaluating trauma care: the TRISS method. Trauma score and the injury severity score. J Trauma 1987;27:370–8. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-198704000-00005. PMID:
3106646.
19. Morris JA Jr, MacKenzie EJ, Edelstein SL. The effect of preexisting conditions on mortality in trauma patients. JAMA 1990;263:1942–6. PMID:
10.1001/jama.1990.03440140068033.
21. Needham DM, Scales DC, Laupacis A, Pronovost PJ. A systematic review of the Charlson comorbidity index using Canadian administrative databases: a perspective on risk adjustment in critical care research. J Crit Care 2005;20:12–9. PMID:
10.1016/j.jcrc.2004.09.007. PMID:
16015512.
22. Gabbe BJ, Magtengaard K, Hannaford AP, Cameron PA. Is the charlson comorbidity index useful for predicting trauma outcomes? Acad Emerg Med 2005;12:318–21. PMID:
10.1111/j.1553-2712.2005.tb01950.x. PMID:
15805322.
23. Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ, Lawnick MM, Keast SL, Bain LW Jr, et al. The major trauma outcome study: establishing national norms for trauma care. J Trauma 1990;30:1356–65. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-199011000-00008. PMID:
2231804.
24. Bergeron E, Rossignol M, Osler T, Clas D, Lavoie A. Improving the TRISS methodology by restructuring age categories and adding comorbidities. J Trauma 2004;56:760–7. PMID:
10.1097/01.TA.0000119199.52226.C0. PMID:
15187738.
26. Osler TM, Rogers FB, Badger GJ, Healey M, Vane DW, Shackford SR. A simple mathematical modification of TRISS markedly improves calibration. J Trauma 2002;53:630–4. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-200210000-00002. PMID:
12394858.
29. Schluter PJ, Nathens A, Neal ML, Goble S, Cameron CM, Davey TM, et al. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) coefficients 2009 revision. J Trauma 2010;68:761–70. PMID:
10.1097/TA.0b013e3181d3223b. PMID:
20386271.
30. Schluter PJ. Trauma and injury severity score (TRISS): is it time for variable re-categorisations and re-characterisations? Injury 2011;42:83–9. PMID:
10.1016/j.injury.2010.08.040. PMID:
20851396.
31. Champion HR, Copes WS, Sacco WJ, Lawnick MM, Bain LW, Gann DS, et al. A new characterization of injury severity. J Trauma 1990;30:539–45. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-199005000-00003. PMID:
2342136.
32. Osler T, Rutledge R, Deis J, Bedrick E. ICISS: an international classification of disease-9 based injury severity score. J Trauma 1996;41:380–6. PMID:
10.1097/00005373-199609000-00002. PMID:
8810953.
33. Lee KJ, Kim JY, Lee KH, Suh GJ, Youn YK. General scheme for the level I trauma center in South Korea. J Korean Soc Traumatol 2005;18:1–16.
34. Kim Y, Jung KY, Kim CY, Kim YI, Shin Y. Validation of the international classification of diseases 10th edition based injury severity score (ICISS). Korean J Prev Med 1999;32:538–45.
35. American College of Surgeons. National Trauam Data Bank (NTDB) [Internet] cited 2015 Aug 31. Chicago (IL): American College of Surgeons; Available from:
https://www. ntdbdatacenter.com.
36. American College of Surgeons. National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) [Internet] cited 2015 Aug 31. Chicago (IL): American College of Surgeons; Available from:
https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/tqip.
37. Kang CH, Kim Y, Lee PS, Kwon YD, Kim CY, Shin YS. Performance evaluation of emergency medical center. Korean J Prev Med 1997;30:884–92.
38. Kim YH, Seo KS, Lee MJ, Park JB, Kim JK, Ahn JY, et al. Application of new trauma scoring systems for mortality prediction in patients with adult major trauma. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2014;25:447–55.
39. Hwang JY, Lee KH, Shin HJ, Cha KC, Kim H, Hwang SO. Correlation analysis of trauma scoring system in predictive validity in motor vehicle accident. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2011;22:329–34.
40. Cho KW, Hwang SY, Hong ES. Comparison of predicted outcomes of trauma and injury severity score (TRISS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II, and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II scoring systems in intensive-care-unit trauma patients. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 2002;13:434–43.
41. Kim Y, Jung KY, Kim CY, Kim YI, Shin Y. Validation of the international classification of diseases 10th ddition based injury severity score (ICISS). Korean J Prev Med 1999;32:538–45.
42. Kim KH, Kim HY. Assessment of the usefulness of various trauma scoring systems on the prognosis of multiple-injury patients. J Korean Surg Soc 1998;54(Suppl):943–50.
43. National Emergency Medical Center. Emergecny Medical Information Intranet [Internet] cited 2015 Aug 31. Seoul: National Emergency Medical Center; Available from:
http://portal.nemc.or.kr.