Catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is the presence of bacteremia originating from an intravenous catheter. CRBSI increases health care cost, hospital stay, and of course mor-tality. Therefore, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of CRBSI are very important. For prevention of CRBSI, choice of proper insertion location, skin preparation, hand hygiene and use of optimal sterile barrier precautions during insertion are all important. Employing multifaceted approaches including insertion and maintenance practice and feedback to the clinical team are effective means to increase compliance with evidence-based recommended practice. Deciding on catheter removal and systemic antibiotic type and duration based on culture reports are critical to decrease CRBSI mortality. (J Acute Care Surg 2014;4:53-57)
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